在 PHP8 中新增了三个字符串函数操作，这三个函数分别是str_contains、str_starts_with 和 str_ends_with, 在 PHP8 以前这三个函数在主流框架如 Laravel、Yii 中都提供。一般来说 PHP 内置的函数都会比我们用 PHP 写的要快不少，但是相比框架提供的这些函数到底性能提升了多少呢？
因此我写了个小程序进行了实验，我做实验的机器是一台iMac，机器配置如下
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MacOS Big Sur
Version 11.3.1
iMac(Retina 5K, 27-inch, 2017)
Processor 3.4GHz Quad-Core Intel Core i5
Memory 32 GB 2400 MHz DDR4
Startup Disk Macintosh HD
Graphics Radeon Pro 570 4GB
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PHP 版本如下
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PHP 8.0.5 (cli) (built: Apr 29 2021 16:01:35) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.0.5, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v8.0.5, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies
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实验程序代码：
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Artisan::command('test0', function () {
$count = 1000000;
$laravel_time = microtime(true) - LARAVEL_START;
echo 'Laravel run time is ' . $laravel_time . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;
$arr = [];
for ($j = 0; $j < 5; $j ++ ) {
$start = microtime(true);
for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) \Illuminate\Support\Str::contains('abc', 'a');
$end = microtime(true);
$laravel_str_time = $end - $start;
echo 'Str::contains run is ' . $laravel_str_time . PHP_EOL;
$start = microtime(true);
for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) str_contains('abc', 'a');
$end = microtime(true);
$php8_str_time = $end - $start;
echo 'PHP8 str_contains run is ' . $php8_str_time . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;
$arr[] = number_format($php8_str_time / $laravel_str_time, 4);
}
var_dump($arr);
echo array_sum($arr) / count($arr);
});
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程序输出：
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php artisan test0
Laravel run time is 0.10241389274597
Str::contains run is 0.11590790748596
PHP8 str_contains run is 0.025718927383423
Str::contains run is 0.11841297149658
PHP8 str_contains run is 0.024212121963501
Str::contains run is 0.11694502830505
PHP8 str_contains run is 0.025036096572876
Str::contains run is 0.11578488349915
PHP8 str_contains run is 0.025848865509033
Str::contains run is 0.11652398109436
PHP8 str_contains run is 0.026134014129639
array(5) {
[0]=>
string(6) "0.2219"
[1]=>
string(6) "0.2045"
[2]=>
string(6) "0.2141"
[3]=>
string(6) "0.2232"
[4]=>
string(6) "0.2243"
}
0.2176%
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用同样的程序，修改调用的方法分别对 str_starts_with 和 str_ends_with 进行实验，输出如下：
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Laravel run time is 0.097244024276733
Str::startsWith run is 0.13129806518555
PHP8 str_starts_with run is 0.023024082183838
Str::startsWith run is 0.13406491279602
PHP8 str_starts_with run is 0.024108171463013
Str::startsWith run is 0.13589406013489
PHP8 str_starts_with run is 0.025053024291992
Str::startsWith run is 0.13407921791077
PHP8 str_starts_with run is 0.024497985839844
Str::startsWith run is 0.13846492767334
PHP8 str_starts_with run is 0.024585962295532
array(5) {
[0]=>
string(6) "0.1754"
[1]=>
string(6) "0.1798"
[2]=>
string(6) "0.1844"
[3]=>
string(6) "0.1827"
[4]=>
string(6) "0.1776"
}
0.17998%
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Laravel run time is 0.094044923782349
Str::endsWith run is 0.12809109687805
PHP8 str_ends_with run is 0.023317098617554
Str::endsWith run is 0.12816786766052
PHP8 str_ends_with run is 0.023905038833618
Str::endsWith run is 0.12953305244446
PHP8 str_ends_with run is 0.024739027023315
Str::endsWith run is 0.13504600524902
PHP8 str_ends_with run is 0.025351047515869
Str::endsWith run is 0.13313508033752
PHP8 str_ends_with run is 0.025480985641479
array(5) {
[0]=>
string(6) "0.1820"
[1]=>
string(6) "0.1865"
[2]=>
string(6) "0.1910"
[3]=>
string(6) "0.1877"
[4]=>
string(6) "0.1914"
}
0.18772%
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可以看出性能相比于应用框架所提供的提升在 18%-20% 这个范围，另一点是 str_contains 可以很好的替代 strpos 和 strstr 这两个PHP函数，而不需要再进行 !== 或 === 的判断。